The Impact of Flexible Working Arrangements on Work-Life Conflict and Work Pressure in Ireland. ESRI WP192. April 2007

The impetus for this study arose from the need to upgrade the case mix measure of choice in use at the national level in Ireland. Since 1993, various versions of the DRG grouper supported by the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) had been in use in Ireland. With improvements in available data, together with developments in the range and quality of alternative groupers available, it was considered timely to test performance of the alternative options on discharge abstract data for Irish hospitals. The groupers selected for testing included four versions of the Australian Refined (AR) DRGs, the AP DRGs (V18.0), CMS DRGs (V20) and IR DRGs (V1.2). Results for the HCFA DRGS (V16.0) were also included for purposes of compariso

Dopaminergic Haplotype as a Predictor of Spatial Inattention in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

A distinct pattern of selective attention deficits in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been difficult to identify. Heterogeneity may reflect differences in underlying genetics.To document an objective deficit of selective attention in a large sample of children with and without ADHD using spatial orienting paradigms. By stratifying samples according to the gene dosage of a risk haplotype of the dopamine transporter gene (DAT1), we could determine whether genetic factors predict spatial inattention in ADHD.A case-control design was used.Children with ADHD were recruited from clinics or support groups in Ireland. Typically developing children were recruited from schools in and around Dublin, Ireland.One hundred fifteen children were recruited (ADHD = 50, control = 65). Groups were matched for age but differed in estimated intelligence.Two versions of a visual spatial orienting task in which attention was directed by valid, neutral, or invalid cues to target locations. Sudden-onset peripheral cues (exogenous) and centrally presented predictive cues (endogenous) were used.To isolate an attention deficit in ADHD, groups were first compared using analysis of variance on the spatial orienting tasks. Multiple regression was used to assess the main effect of DAT1 haplotype status (heterozygous vs homozygous) and the interaction of diagnosis and genotype on those variables that discriminated children with and without ADHD.Children with ADHD displayed deficits in reorienting attention from invalidly cued spatial locations, particularly for targets in the left visual field. DAT1 haplotype status predicted spatial reorienting deficits for left visual field targets (P = .007) but there was also a significant interaction of diagnosis and genotype (P = .02), which revealed the greatest impairment in children with ADHD homozygous for the DAT1 haplotype.Heterogeneity in selective attention in ADHD can be explained by a replicated genetic risk factor for ADHD, the 10/3 DAT1 haplotype

Technological Explorations in the Move to Online Mathematics Support

Due to Covid-19, mathematics support at Maynooth University transitioned from in-person to online over a very short period in March 2020. This paper provides a brief description of the technologies used by six tutors to facilitate this move. We outline why the tutors picked these technologies and how they used them. We also consider the issues tutors wanted to resolve and reflect on the outcomes of their experiences

Impaired reward processing in the human prefrontal cortex distinguishes between persistent and remittent attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children often persist into adulthood and can lead to severe antisocial behavior. However, to-date it remains unclear whether neuro-functional abnormalities cause ADHD, which in turn can then provide a marker of persistent ADHD. Using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we measured blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal changes in subjects during a reversal learning task in which choice of the correct stimulus led to a probabilistically determined ‘monetary’ reward or punishment. Participants were diagnosed with ADHD during their childhood (N = 32) and were paired with age, gender, and education matched healthy controls (N = 32). Reassessment of the ADHD group as adults resulted in a split between either persistent (persisters, N = 17) or remitted ADHDs (remitters, N = 15). All three groups showed significantly decreased activation in the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the left striatum during punished correct responses, however only remitters and controls presented significant psycho-physiological interaction between these fronto-striatal reward and outcome valence networks. Comparing persisters to remitters and controls showed significantly inverted responses to punishment (P < 0.05, family-wise error corrected) in left PFC region. Interestingly, the decreased activation shown after punishment was located in different areas of the PFC for remitters compared with controls, suggesting that remitters might have learned compensation strategies to overcome their ADHD symptoms. Thus, fMRI helps understanding the neuro-functional basis of ADHD related behavior differences and differentiates between persistent and remittent ADHD

Childhood-Diagnosed ADHD, Symptom Progression, and Reversal Learning in Adulthood

Objective: ADHD persists in up to 60% into adulthood, and the reasons for persistence are not fully understood. The objective of this study was to characterize the neurofunctional basis of decision making in those with a childhood diagnosis of ADHD with either persistent or remitted symptoms in adulthood versus healthy control participants. Method: Thirty-two adults diagnosed with ADHD as children were split into persistent (n = 18) or remitted (n = 14) ADHD groups. Their neural activity and neurofunctional connectivity during a probabilistic reversal learning task were compared with 32 healthy controls. Results: Remitters showed significantly higher neural connectivity in final reversal error and probabilistic error conditions, and persisters depict higher neural connectivity in reversal errors than controls at a family-wise error (FWE) corrected whole-brain corrected threshold. Conclusion: Remitters may have utilized higher neural connectivity than controls to make successful decisions. Also, remitters may have utilized compensatory strategies to override any potential underlying ADHD deficits

Exercise and manual physiotherapy arthritis research trial (EMPART): a multicentre randomised controlled trial

BACKGROUND: Osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip is a major cause of functional disability and reduced quality of life. Management options aim to reduce pain and improve or maintain physical functioning. Current evidence indicates that therapeutic exercise has a beneficial but short-term effect on pain and disability, with poor long-term benefit. The optimal content, duration and type of exercise are yet to be ascertained. There has been little scientific investigation into the effectiveness of manual therapy in hip OA. Only one randomized controlled trial (RCT) found greater improvements in patient-perceived improvement and physical function with manual therapy, compared to exercise therapy. METHODS AND DESIGN: An assessor-blind multicentre RCT will be undertaken to compare the effect of a combination of manual therapy and exercise therapy, exercise therapy only, and a waiting-list control on physical function in hip OA. One hundred and fifty people with a diagnosis of hip OA will be recruited and randomly allocated to one of 3 groups: exercise therapy, exercise therapy with manual therapy and a waiting-list control. Subjects in the intervention groups will attend physiotherapy for 6-8 sessions over 8 weeks. Those in the control group will remain on the waiting list until after this time and will then be re-randomised to one of the two intervention groups. Outcome measures will include physical function (WOMAC), pain severity (numerical rating scale), patient perceived change (7-point Likert scale), quality of life (SF-36), mood (hospital anxiety and depression scale), patient satisfaction, physical activity (IPAQ) and physical measures of range of motion, 50-foot walk and repeated sit-to stand tests. DISCUSSION: This RCT will compare the effectiveness of the addition of manual therapy to exercise therapy to exercise therapy only and a waiting-list control in hip OA. A high quality methodology will be used in keeping with CONSORT guidelines. The results will contribute to the evidence base regarding the clinical efficacy for physiotherapy interventions in hip OA

A genetic investigation of sex bias in the prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Background Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) shows substantial heritability and is 2-7 times more common in males than females. We examined two putative genetic mechanisms underlying this sex bias: sex-specific heterogeneity and higher burden of risk in female cases. Methods We analyzed genome-wide autosomal common variants from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium and iPSYCH Project (20,183 cases, 35,191 controls) and Swedish populationregister data (N=77,905 cases, N=1,874,637 population controls). Results Genetic correlation analyses using two methods suggested near complete sharing of common variant effects across sexes, with rg estimates close to 1. Analyses of population data, however, indicated that females with ADHD may be at especially high risk of certain comorbid developmental conditions (i.e. autism spectrum disorder and congenital malformations), potentially indicating some clinical and etiological heterogeneity. Polygenic risk score (PRS) analysis did not support a higher burden of ADHD common risk variants in female cases (OR=1.02 [0.98-1.06], p=0.28). In contrast, epidemiological sibling analyses revealed that the siblings of females with ADHD are at higher familial risk of ADHD than siblings of affected males (OR=1.14, [95% CI: 1.11-1.18], p=1.5E-15). Conclusions Overall, this study supports a greater familial burden of risk in females with ADHD and some clinical and etiological heterogeneity, based on epidemiological analyses. However, molecular genetic analyses suggest that autosomal common variants largely do not explain the sex bias in ADHD prevalence

Symptoms of autism in ADHD : a familial trait in a subset of children with ADHD which correlates with comorbid oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder and motor disorder

THESIS 9187Introduction; This study examines autism symptoms in a sample of children with ADHD, in their siblings, and in a control sample. Study sample: 821 children with ADHD, combined type who were participating in the International Multicentre ADHD Genetics (IMAGE) study and their 1050 siblings were studied. A control sample of 149 children was also studied. Measurements: Symptoms of ADHD and of comorbid disorders were assessed using parent and teacher Conners? rating scales, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaires and the Parental Account of Children?s Symptoms semistructured interview. The Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) was used to measure symptoms of autism in the ADHD sample, the sibling sample and normal controls

Child Art Psychotherapy in CAMHS in Ireland - A Parent Satisfaction Study

Objectives We aimed to evaluate parent satisfaction with the Vasarhelyi method of Child Art Psychotherapy offered at two Child and Adolescent Mental Health teams by postal survey using the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire, and by performing a qualitative interview. Methods Parents of 29 children who attended Child Art Psychotherapy over the previous 4 years were invited to participate— they were sent the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire and invited to attend for an interview about Child Art Psychotherapy. The postal survey was followed up by a telephone call to complete missing surveys. The Client Satisfaction Questionnaire has a 4- point Likert scale with a minimum score of 8 and maximum score (highest satisfaction) of 32. Results Fourteen Client Satisfaction questionnaires were returned indicating a response rate of 48%. The mean age of the children who attended CAP was 10.84 years. The mean CSQ-8 score was 25.6 (95% CI 22.0–29.3) with a range of 8 to 32. Eighty-five percent of parents indicated that they were satisfied on all questions regarding the service of CAP their child received. One of 29 parents attended for interview and 4 themes were identified in the interview: (1) the importance of the child’s opinion, (2) behavioural change occurred during and after CAP, (3) the parent would recommend CAP to others, and (4) parental expectations of therapy and level of engagement

Do Deaf Teenagers have the same rate of Mental Illness as Hearing Teenagers?

The UCD School of Medicine Summer Student Research Awards 2018, University College Dublin School of Medicine, Ireland, 2018Few deaf children or adolescents currently attend the HSE Grangegorman Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service (CAMHS) despite the deaf school in Cabra being in its catchment area. Although profound deafness rates in this age group are decreasing due to the MMR vaccine, advancements in cochlear implantations and the newborn hearing screening programme, mental health difficulties in deaf children and adolescents could be going unreported. Compared to hearing populations, higher rates of mental health problems have been found in deaf people [1]. This study aimed to gather data about rates of mental health problems in deaf young persons attending a deaf school and compare the results with a general population sample of hearing young persons, using the Growing Up in Ireland data. It is hoped that the results could be used to promote access to better healthcare for the deaf community. A Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was distributed to every pupil attending a mixed school for the deaf and their parents. The SDQ covers: Hyperactivity, Emotional symptoms, Conduct problems, Peer problems and Prosocial [2]. Results were described as ‘normal’, ‘borderline’ or ‘abnormal’. Results found that compared to the 10% published cut-off, a higher rate of primary school children scored ‘abnormal’ and more secondary children scored ‘border-line’. Bullying and loneliness were issues for most children, with peer relations the highest scoring difficulty overall. The low response rate is a limitation for the study. Out of 125 children, parents of 11 primary school children and 10 secondary school children participated.2020-12-15 JG: .pptx replaced with PD